Ornamental Climbing Vines
Flowering plants have their own importance in ornamental gardening. Every living being in the society is directly connected to them. As soon as the description of flowers comes, the imagination of trees or small bushes comes to mind, because most of the flowers are related to these types of plants. Apart from these, there is also a group in the plant kingdom, in which hundreds to thousands of flowers bloom every day, and this sequence continues for a long time. Plants of this class are known as creepers or vines.
Creepers or vines are a group of plants that climb upwards in a structure or wall or trees with the help of some special structures. "Plants which have special structures to climb on supports are called as climbers." Thus, these plants are unable to stand straight without any support. The special structures found in creepers to climb/spread on supports include tendrils, modified leafstalks, aerial adventitious roots or hooklike thorns. Trailers that crawl on the ground and twiners that climb by clinging to plants are also generally classified as climbers.
Flowering creepers have a separate kingdom of their own and are in very large numbers. They are famous all over the world due to their structure, color of flowers, fragrance and other characteristics. In the absence of creepers or vines, gardens or home gardens look desolate. The biggest characteristic of the members of this group is that they grow faster than other plants. For this reason they have their own importance. Vines are generally used to enhance the beauty of the garden, to increase the duration of flowering and to remove the ugliness of any particular place.
Use of Vines
Generally, Vines are used in the following ways -
• To divide and shade the wall of a house, parking or any large or small part, to make an umbrella, to cover a creeper or to give the shape of a door.
• They are used to cover the empty space on a tree or any high or low place.
For creating a Lata Kunj (shaded place), the vines to be climbed should be of light growth. It is also necessary to keep in mind that these should be pruned from time to time to give them a definite shape. For this purpose, creepers like Bignonia Bensta, Jecomansia, Trachelospermum, Passiflora, Clematis, Aristolochia, Antigonon, Ipomea, Juhi etc. are suitable. The creeper to be grown on a wall, open ground or trees should generally be heavy and have more growth. Even if its leaves are small or big, it does not make much difference to that place. For this, Smilax, Petrea, Clerodendron, Lonicera, Bougainvillea etc. are the main creepers.
Types of Climbers
Creepers are divided into many groups according to their growth habit, appearance, suitability and utility; Such as annual creepers, flowering creepers, leafy creepers, fast growing creepers, slow growing creepers, etc.
(1) Annual climbers - This group includes those creepers which complete their life cycle (growth, development and flowering) in one year. These are mainly prepared by sowing seeds and are suitable for quickly covering any place or structure; such as - sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus), morning glory (Ipomoea caerulea), black eyed Susan (Thunbergialata), quamoclit pinnata, etc.
Types of Climbing Vines
(2) Foliage climbers - This group includes those creepers which are grown for beautiful leaves. Foliage creepers are most suitable for shady places and indoor gardens. Money plant (Scindapsus aureus), Philodendron, Monstera deliciosa, Syngonium podophyllum, Asparagus etc. are the prominent leafy creepers. Leafy creepers are mainly biennial or perennial in nature.
(3) Flowering climbers - The number of flowering climbers is very large. Which can be annual, biennial or perennial in nature. These creepers are mainly grown for their colourful, attractive and fragrant flowers. Prominent among flowering creepers are Bougainvillea, Rangoon creeper (Quisqualis indica), Allamanda, Duck vine (Aristolochia), Golden shower (Pyrestegia venusta), Rakhi vine (Passijflora), Hiptage benghalensis), etc.
(4) Light climbers - This group includes those creepers whose growth is very slow and whose leaves are relatively small due to which they occupy less space even after full growth. Therefore, there is less need for pruning; e.g. Clitoria ternatea, Quamoclit pinnata, Clerodendrum thomsonce, Jacquemontia violata, etc.
(5) Medium climbers - Their growth is not very fast, but when fully grown they occupy relatively more space, so pruning is required from time to time; e.g. duck vine (Aristolochia elegans), Adenocalymma comosum, Campsis radicans, Pyrestegia venusta, Clematis gouriana, etc.
(6) Heavy climbers - The leaves of the vines of this group are usually large and their growth is very fast due to which they cover any place or support quickly. Hence pruning is required more; e.g. Antigonon leptopus, Bongainvillea, Clerodendrum splendens, Quisqualis indica, Thunbergia grandiflora, Wisteria sinensis, etc.
(7) Fragrant flowered climbers - Vines of this group are mainly grown for attractive and fragrant flowers; e.g. Clematis paniculata, Quisqualis indica, Aristotochia, Passiflora, etc.
Method of preparing vines
Generally, vines and creepers can be easily prepared in rainy season by cutting (kalam) and layering (daab) method. Some vines also produce seeds, which can be sown in rainy season or autumn and when the plant is ready, it can be uprooted and planted at a suitable place. The main vines grown from cuttings are Bougainvillea, Bignonia Bensta, Pyrostegia Bensta, Bignonia Purpurea, Clerodendron, Clematis, Passiflora (Rakhi vine), Aristolochia (Duck vine), Jecomonesia, Trachelospermum, Petrea etc. The main vines grown from seeds are Antigonon, Aristolochia, Ipomoea, Clitoria, Sweet Pea etc.
Ornamental Climbing Plants
Whether the vines are grown from seeds or cuttings, it is generally better to transplant them in the rainy season. Before planting them, it is very important to select a specific place and make proper arrangements to provide them support. Because the vines grow fast and cover the windows, skylights or nets if not taken care of, then it becomes very troublesome to remove them.
Suitable structure for vines
Usually vines need support to climb, generally they climb trees with the help of support. But some vines do not need support. They can be given the shape of a bush or an umbrella by pruning them. Bougainvillea vine is suitable for this. Today, about 300 varieties of this vine are available in different colors.
Vines are usually used to make a place beautiful. A pergola can be made dome-shaped or peak-shaped for vines. Iron umbrellas can be made on both sides of a large grass field or footpath and they can be quickly molded into this shape by pruning them. For this purpose, vines of Bougainvillea, Treclospermum, Bignonia Benesta, Madhumalati and Jacomansia are suitable.
Care of vines - Vines can be made beautiful as per need by giving them a suitable shape. Their biggest characteristic is that they remain evergreen almost throughout the year and once or twice they produce very beautiful flowers of different colors. Vines usually need a lot of water. In the young stage, they can be easily reduced or increased according to the need by giving them proper support.
The vines should always be pruned before the flowering season, so that they remain in good condition when the flowers appear. Pruning also leads to a lot of new growth and more flowers. Giving fertilizer in appropriate quantity after pruning before flowering is good for the health of the plants and their flowers. As fertilizer, rotten manure of leaves or rotten cow dung is good, along with this, use of Radar 20 EC once or twice a year is suitable for protection from termites.
Main Vines
Allamanda cathartica – This evergreen, medium growing vine can be easily climbed anywhere. Yellow, purple and saffron flowers, which bloom in 4 bunches, bloom almost throughout the year amidst its shiny leaves. The origin of this vine is believed to be tropical America, from where it was later planted in many places of the world. These vines require bright sunlight and a lot of water. This vine can be easily prepared by cutting. It is a vine of the Apocynaceae family.
Outdoor Climbing Vines
Antigonon leptopus- This creeper originated in South America. Later, its spread and popularity increased in the warm countries of the world. This creeper produces red, white and pink flowers twice a year in bunches. It is the most suitable creeper for climbing anywhere. This creeper needs a lot of support.
It is very popular as a fast growing creeper. This creeper is prepared by seeds. It has many varieties and it is a member of the Polygonaceae family.
Begnonia venusta- It is commonly known as Pyrestegia venusta. This creeper is very popular due to its saffron flowers, which bloom in bunches in winter and cover the entire creeper with flowers. This creeper can be easily prepared by layering method. Cutting does not give such good results. Seeds are not formed in this creeper. Initially, this vine needs support to climb. There are 2 more varieties of this vine, in which yellow and blue flowers bloom. They are known as Bignonia presilis and Bignonia purpurea. These vines are not that popular in Indian gardens yet.
Clematis paniculata - This is a very beautiful, evergreen vine with strong fragrance. Its triangular leaves and white flowers bloom in summer and rainy season. Due to its strong fragrance, it can be recognized from a distance. It is generally suitable for shaded places. Very strong sunlight harms its growth. It can be prepared by layering method. It is a very beautiful vine of Ranunculaceae family.
Clerodendron splendens - This evergreen vine can be easily climbed anywhere. This vine is usually used to make a pavilion or to climb on a pergola or gate. Red flowers remain on this vine for a long time from February to April. Its broad dark green leaves add to its beauty.
Ornamental Vines
Clerodendron thompsonii - This vine originated in West Africa. It is a very beautiful, evergreen and fast growing vine. Its flowers which are white from below and bright red from above and the male organs are out of the flower. Make it very beautiful. This vine requires a lot of water. Severe cold is harmful for it. It can be prepared by cutting. Clerodendron vine is considered to be one of the prominent members of the Barbinaceae family.
Hiptage benghalensis (Madhavi Lata) - It is an evergreen vine with very low growth and long leaves. It can be given any kind of shape by pruning. The soft silky fibers on its flowers further increase its beauty. Flowers usually come out on the vine after a long time. It can be prepared by seed and layering method. It is suitable for climbing on umbrella, pergola or door etc.
Petrea volubilis - This vine originated in tropical America. Later, it started being planted more in other countries due to its beautiful blue flowers, rough leaves and ability to climb to any height. The flowers of this vine bloom in bunches in March-April. They keep hanging downwards. This vine is pruned and used for umbrella or pergola. It is a beautiful vine of Vercinaceae family that can flow in less water.
Quisqualis indica (Jhumka or Severa vine) - This is an evergreen vine suitable for any place. Its soft fragrant flowers of deep pink color keep blooming on the vine in bunches almost throughout the year. This vine originated in Malaysia and now its other new varieties, which bloom white and bright red flowers, are becoming very popular. This vine can be easily prepared by layering method. It is a member of combretaceae family.
Passiflora edulis (Rakhi vine) – This vine originated in South America. Its main feature is its triangular leaves of different shapes and flowers of different colors, which look like rakhi, due to which it is also known as Rakhi vine. Flowers usually bloom from March to July. There are many varieties of this vine, which are prepared by seeds and layering method. Flowers bloom normally and mostly in blue-yellow and red colors.
Aristolochia (Duck vine) – This is a very delicate, evergreen vine. Its triangular leaves and duck-shaped pink, purple, white flowers enhance its beauty. There are many varieties of this vine. The flowers of this vine emit a pleasant fragrance.
The fruits of this vine, which are in the shape of an inverted parachute or hanging basket, remain on it for a long time even after drying. The flowers of this vine usually bloom in the rainy season. This vine is grown from seeds.
The speed at which these vines grow, equally fast beautiful flowers bloom in them, which remain on the vine for a long time. Due to all these characteristics, vines are popular in all the gardens and home gardens of the world.
Ornamental Climbing Vines
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Botanical name |
Common Names |
Flowering Time |
Flower color |
propagation method |
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1. Allamanda cathartica 2. Antigonon leptopus 3. Aristolochia bracteata 4. Begnonia venusta 5. Champsis grandiflora 6. Clematis paniculata 7. Clerodendron splendens 8. Hiptage benghalensis 9. Ipomoea palmata 10. Passiflora edulis 11. Petrea volubilis 12. Qruisqualis indica 13. Adenocalymma allicea 14. Bougainvillea sp. 15. Jacquemontia pentantha 16. Jasminum grandiflorum 17. Wisteria sinensis 18. Porana paniculata |
Yellow Bell Coral Duck Vine Golden Shower Trumpet Creeper Clerodendron Madhuri Lata Rakhi Vine Purple Wreath Rangoon Creeper Garlic Vine Bougainvillea Jacomancea Jasmine Bridal bouqet |
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